Publications

@article{Titi-Lartey2022-jg,

title = {Toll-like receptor signalling pathways and the pathogenesis of 

 retinal diseases},

author = {Owuraku Titi-Lartey and Imran Mohammed and Winfried M Amoaku},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-01},

journal = {Front. Ophthalmol. (Lausanne)},

volume = {2},

pages = {850394},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

abstract = {There is growing evidence that the pathogenesis of retinal 

 diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related 

 macular degeneration (AMD) have a significant chronic 

 inflammatory component. A vital part of the inflammatory cascade 

 is through the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) 

 such as toll-like receptors (TLR). Here, we reviewed the past 

 and current literature to ascertain the cumulative knowledge 

 regarding the effect of TLRs on the development and progression 

 of retinal diseases. There is burgeoning research demonstrating 

 the relationship between TLRs and risk of developing retinal 

 diseases, utilising a range of relevant disease models and a few 

 large clinical investigations. The literature confirms that TLRs 

 are involved in the development and progression of retinal 

 diseases such as DR, AMD, and ischaemic retinopathy. Genetic 

 polymorphisms in TLRs appear to contribute to the risk of 

 developing AMD and DR. However, there are some inconsistencies 

 in the published reports which require further elucidation. The 

 evidence regarding TLR associations in retinal dystrophies 

 including retinitis pigmentosa is limited. Based on the current 

 evidence relating to the role of TLRs, combining anti-VEGF 

 therapies with TLR inhibition may provide a longer-lasting 

 treatment in some retinal vascular diseases.},

keywords = {age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, genetic   polymorphisms, inflammation, ischaemic retinopathy, retinal   diseases, retinal dystrophies, toll-like receptors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}