Publications

@article{Corden2023-ph,

title = {Autofluorescence-Raman spectroscopy for ex vivo mapping 

 colorectal liver metastases and liver tissue},

author = {Christopher Corden and Radu Boitor and Palminder Kaur Dusanjh and Andrew Harwood and Abhik Mukherjee and Dhanwant Gomez and Ioan Notingher},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-01},

journal = {J. Surg. Res.},

volume = {288},

pages = {10\textendash20},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Identifying colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) 

 during liver resection could assist in achieving clear surgical 

 margins, which is an important prognostic variable for both 

 disease-free and overall survival. The aim of this study was to 

 investigate the effect of auto-fluorescence (AF) and Raman 

 spectroscopy for ex vivo label-free discrimination of CRLMs from 

 normal liver tissue. Secondary aims include exploring options 

 for multimodal AF-Raman integration with respect to diagnosis 

 accuracy and imaging speed on human liver tissue and CRLM. 

 METHODS: Liver samples were obtained from patients undergoing 

 liver surgery for CRLM who provided informed consent (15 

 patients were recruited). AF and Raman spectroscopy was 

 performed on CRLM and normal liver tissue samples and then 

 compared to histology. RESULTS: AF emission spectra demonstrated 

 that the 671 nm and 775/785 nm excitation wavelengths provided 

 the highest contrast, as normal liver tissue elicited on average 

 around eight-fold higher AF intensity compared to CRLM. The use 

 of the 785 nm wavelength had the advantage of enabling Raman 

 spectroscopy measurements from CRLM regions, allowing 

 discrimination of CRLM from regions of normal liver tissue 

 eliciting unusual low AF intensity, preventing 

 misclassification. Proof-of-concept experiments using small 

 pieces of CRLM samples covered by large normal liver tissue 

 demonstrated the feasibility of a dual-modality AF-Raman for 

 detection of positive margins within few minutes. CONCLUSIONS: 

 AF imaging and Raman spectroscopy can discriminate CRLM from 

 normal liver tissue in an ex vivo setting. These results suggest 

 the potential for developing integrated multimodal AF-Raman 

 imaging techniques for intraoperative assessment of surgical 

 margins.},

keywords = {Auto-fluorescence, Colorectal liver metastases, Liver, Raman   spectroscopy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}