Publications

@article{Crowley2024-qi,

title = {Ultra-miniature dual-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging  for micro-endoscopy},

author = {Jane Crowley and George S D Gordon},

doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.29.2.026002},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-01},

urldate = {2024-02-01},

journal = {J. Biomed. Opt.},

volume = {29},

number = {2},

pages = {026002},

publisher = {SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng},

abstract = {Significance: There is a need for a cost-effective, quantitative 

 imaging tool that can be deployed endoscopically to better 

 detect early stage gastrointestinal cancers. Spatial frequency 

 domain imaging (SFDI) is a low-cost imaging technique that 

 produces near-real time, quantitative maps of absorption and 

 reduced scattering coefficients, but most implementations are 

 bulky and suitable only for use outside the body. Aim: We aim to 

 develop an ultra-miniature SFDI system comprising an optical 

 fiber array (diameter 0.125 mm) and a micro camera (1$times$1 

 mm package) to displace conventionally bulky components, in 

 particular, the projector. Approach: First, we fabricated a 

 prototype with an outer diameter of 3 mm, although the 

 individual component dimensions could permit future packaging to 

 a 90% are feasible for detecting simulated squamous cell 

 carcinoma. Conclusions: This device shows promise as a 

 cost-effective, quantitative imaging tool to detect variations 

 in optical absorption and scattering as indicators of cancer.},

keywords = {miniaturization, optical fibers, optical properties, spatial   frequency domain imaging},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Setchfield2023-mi,

title = {Relevance and utility of the in-vivo and ex-vivo optical  properties of the skin reported in the literature: a review  [Invited]},

author = {Kerry Setchfield and Alistair Gorman and A Hamish R W Simpson and Michael G Somekh and Amanda J Wright},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-07-01},

urldate = {2023-07-01},

journal = {Biomed. Opt. Express},

volume = {14},

number = {7},

pages = {3555\textendash3583},

publisher = {Optica Publishing Group},

abstract = {Imaging non-invasively into the human body is currently limited 

 by cost (MRI and CT scan), image resolution (ultrasound), 

 exposure to ionising radiation (CT scan and X-ray), and the 

 requirement for exogenous contrast agents (CT scan and PET 

 scan). Optical imaging has the potential to overcome all these 

 issues but is currently limited by imaging depth due to the 

 scattering and absorption properties of human tissue. Skin is 

 the first barrier encountered by light when imaging 

 non-invasively, and therefore a clear understanding of the way 

 that light interacts with skin is required for progress on 

 optical medical imaging to be made. Here we present a thorough 

 review of the optical properties of human skin measured in-vivo 

 and compare these to the previously collated ex-vivo 

 measurements. Both in-vivo and ex-vivo published data show high 

 inter- and intra-publication variability making definitive 

 answers regarding optical properties at given wavelengths 

 challenging. Overall, variability is highest for ex-vivo 

 absorption measurements with differences of up to 77-fold 

 compared with 9.6-fold for the in-vivo absorption case. The 

 impact of this variation on optical penetration depth and 

 transport mean free path is presented and potential causes of 

 these inconsistencies are discussed. We propose a set of 

 experimental controls and reporting requirements for future 

 measurements. We conclude that a robust in-vivo dataset, 

 measured across a broad spectrum of wavelengths, is required for 

 the development of future technologies that significantly 

 increase the depth of optical imaging.},

keywords = {optical imaging, optical properties, skin},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}